多段进水一体化污水处理设备处理农村污水研究

目的根据农村污水的水质特点,基于UCT污水处理工艺设计了多点分段进水一体化处理设备,以提高工艺,提高氮磷去除效率。为相关应用提供了支撑。方法以北京市通州区城郊农村污水为对象,通过模拟试验,研究进水方式对处理污水效果的影响。结果相对于传统单点进水方式,两段和三段进水对处理农村生活污水除污染效果更好,最佳污染去除率在三段进水条件下达到,此时COD、TN和TP去除率分别为93%～97%、82.9%～86.2%和86%～91%,比单点进水和两段进水分别高15%和8%、13%和6%、13%和5%。结论采取多段进水运行方式能够有效提高污水处理系统对氮磷去除效率。     

马铃薯及土壤中烯酰吗啉的残留及消解动态研究

烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph,DMM)是一种新型内吸治疗性专用低毒杀菌剂,广泛用于晚疫病等病害的防治。为合理将烯酰吗啉用于马铃薯晚疫病防治,采用液相色谱-质谱联用(UPLC-MS)方法研究不同年份(2015、2016年)不同产地(宁夏回族自治区、黑龙江省)烯酰吗啉在马铃薯块茎、植株和土壤中的消解动态及最终残留量。结果表明:2015年和2016年烯酰吗啉在马铃薯植株中的半衰期分别为22.36 d(宁夏)、12.38 d(黑龙江)和3.69 d(宁夏)、28.88 d(黑龙江);在马铃薯土壤中的半衰期分别为231.05 d(宁夏)、6.48 d(黑龙江)和69.31 d(宁夏)、13.33 d(黑龙江)。烯酰吗啉施药剂量、次数和时间间隔不同,则其在马铃薯植株、块茎及土壤中的最终残留量也不同。施药量为1 345.5～2 018.2 g(a.i)/hm2,施药3～4次,施药间隔7 d,施药后14 d采收,收获马铃薯块茎中烯酰吗啉的残留量即均小于0.02 mg/kg,低于我国制定的马铃薯中烯酰吗啉最大残留限量值0.05 mg/kg。     

Development of a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay to detect avian influenza viruses in clinical specimens

In recent years, the avian influenza has brought not only serious economic loss to the poultry industry in China but also a serious threat to human health because of the avian influenza virus(AIV) gene recombination and reassortment. Until now, traditional RT-PCR, fluorescence RT-PCR and virus isolation identification have been developed and utilized to detect AIV, but these methods require high-level instruments and experimental conditions, not suitable for the rapid detection in field and farms. In order to develop a rapid, sensitive and practical method to detect and identify AIV subtypes, 4 specific primers to the conserved region of AIV M gene were designed and a loop-mediated isothermal amplification(RT-LAMP) method was established. Using this method, the M gene of H1–H16 subtypes of AIV were amplified in 30 min with a water bath and all 16 H subtypes of AIV were able to be visually identified in presence of fluorescein, without cross reaction with other susceptible avian viruses. In addition, the detection limit of the common H1, H5, H7, and H9 AIV subtypes with the RT-LAMP method was 0.1 PFU(plaque-forming unit), which was 10 times more sensitive than that using the routine RT-PCR. Further comparative tests found that the positivity rate of RT-LAMP on detecting clinical samples was 4.18%(14/335) comparing with 3.58%(12/335) from real-time RT-PCR. All these results suggested that the RT-LAMP method can specifically detect and identify AIV with high sensitivity and can be considered as a fast, convenient and practical method for the clinic test and epidemiological investigation of AIV.     

芦笋新品种“绿丰”的选育

为选育出优质且适应性强的芦笋新品种,以"阿波罗"优选单株ap-82为母本,以"吉内姆"优选单株JH1为父本,进行杂交、分离后,经系统选育,培育出芦笋新品种"绿丰"。其植株生长旺盛,株高250cm;包头紧密,无空心、无畸形,一级笋率93%;平均单支质量37 g,平均667m~2产量640.25 kg;适宜我国南北方作白、绿芦笋栽培。     

8个樱花品种播种育苗技术研究

本文介绍了8个樱花品种的种子从储藏、催芽、播种到苗期管理的试验全过程,总结出一种简便易操作的樱花播种育苗技术,可供生产设施比较简陋的地方借鉴和参考。     

东北地区鸡源大肠杆菌的毒力基因检测及PFGE分型研究

为了研究东北地区健康鸡源大肠杆菌毒力基因的携带分布以及PFGE分子分型情况,试验采用PCR技术对413株鸡源大肠杆菌的4种毒力基因进行检测,并运用XbaⅠ酶进行酶切后完成PFGE分析,利用软件分析菌株间的相关性和遗传关系。结果表明,在检测的413株菌株中,fimH毒力基因携带率为77.72%,iucD毒力基因的检出率为56.42%,强致病性毒力岛(HPI)的标志基因fyuA和irp2毒力基因携带率分别为44.07%和43.83%;29株大肠杆菌呈现出28种不同的PFGE型,每一株菌被XbaⅠ消化为14~20条带,菌株相似度为30%~100%;多数菌株携带毒力基因,且毒力基因的类型较为复杂,PFGE分型结果具有多样性和差异性。提示应加强鸡源大肠杆菌毒力基因的检测以及分子分型研究,为大肠杆菌病等防控提供参考。